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Taiwan
TWschema crypto-v2.0.0trajectory: not yet assessedin transitionoverlaps: FIM, WPM
Last updated · 8 categories · 25 sourced
findings · 17 sources in the cumulative register
8Categoriesbaseline.
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8Tier-1 sourcesrun_metadata.t1_source_count
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Jurisdiction lead brief
Lead Signal
Taiwan's Legislative Yuan completed the third reading of the Virtual Asset Service Act on 30 June 2026, requiring virtual-asset service providers to obtain explicit Financial Supervisory Commission approval and licensing before legally operating, replacing the prior AML-registration-only standard under the amended Money Laundering Control Act. The Act is enacted but not yet effective, with commencement pending Executive Yuan designation; existing AML-registered firms have twelve months to apply for licensing and twenty-one months to secure full approval.
Other Developments
Stablecoins become a distinct classification track. Under the Act, stablecoin issuers must obtain approval from both the FSC and the central bank and are barred from paying yield, creating a third classification track alongside virtual commodities and security tokens. Reserve and audit mandates tighten the stablecoin regime. Stablecoin issuers must maintain full, one-hundred-percent reserves and undergo regular audits, though interim treatment under the Banking Act or the Act Governing Electronic Payment Institutions remains ambiguous pending commencement. Consumer-protection standards are strengthened. The Act mandates customer-asset segregation and internal-control, cybersecurity, audit, and financial-reporting requirements, backed by criminal penalties of three to ten years' imprisonment and fines of NT$10 million to NT$200 million for market misconduct. The offshore-VASP registration baseline is unchanged. Offshore VASPs must still establish a local company or branch under the Company Act and complete AML registration, a standing obligation preserved and layered under by the incoming licensing regime once it commences.
Cross-Monitor Connections
The Virtual Asset Service Act's account-freeze-adjacent enforcement context connects to the financial-integrity monitor's tracking of the Fraud Crime Hazard Prevention Act's expanded powers over virtual-asset accounts. The Act's stablecoin provisions are the payments monitor's product-innovation signal for its own stablecoin policy tracking, rendered there as a subscribed slot. The Act's consumer-protection and AML dimensions also touch the advennt gambling-regulatory monitor's payments and money-flow tracking, given that virtual-asset accounts have been identified as a laundering rail for illegal-gambling proceeds in Taiwan.
Outlook
The transitional period before the Act's commencement is the central watch item: existing VASPs and stablecoin issuers continue operating on the lighter-touch registration-only footing that the new Act is designed to replace. Commencement and Financial Supervisory Commission secondary rules on capital, governance, and reserve-asset eligibility are expected around 2027.
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Taiwan is mid-transition from an AML-registration-only regime to a comprehensive licensing statute. The Legislative Yuan passed the Virtual Asset Service Act (VASA) in its third reading on 2026-06-30, moving VASP oversight from money-laundering registration to full FSC licensing, but as of this research pass the Act's effective date has not yet been set by the Executive Yuan and presidential promulgation status requires further verification. The currently operative, in-force regime remains the AML registration system administered under the Money Laundering Control Act and its implementing measures.
Standing sub-brief196 words · last cycle 2026-08-21
Crypto Licensing
The Virtual Asset Service Act, having passed its third Legislative Yuan reading on 30 June 2026, requires virtual-asset service providers to obtain explicit Financial Supervisory Commission approval and licensing before legally operating in Taiwan, replacing the prior AML-registration-only standard set under the amended Money Laundering Control Act (effective 31 July 2024), which had required VASPs to complete AML registration with the FSC and offshore VASPs to establish a local company or branch under the Company Act. The Act is enacted but not yet effective, with its commencement date still pending Executive Yuan designation.
This is a decisive tightening of Taiwan's licensing architecture, moving from a notify-and-register model to a prove-fitness licensing model, assessed with high confidence based on reporting of the Act's passage, though corroborating Tier-1 gazetted statutory text was not reachable this cycle. Until commencement, the interim Money Laundering Control Act registration standard remains the operative legal floor, meaning currently AML-registered VASPs continue operating under the lighter-touch regime the new Act is designed to supersede.
Outlook
Watch for the Executive Yuan's commencement designation and the FSC's secondary rules on licensing mechanics, capital adequacy, and governance standards, which remain the key unresolved implementation gap.
No new data since the standing brief. 1 periodic run re-emitted it unchanged.
Sources and findings (5)
T1 · Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan)Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan) — The Legislative Yuan passed the Virtual Asset Service Act in its third reading on 2026-06-30, shifting VASP oversight in Taiwan from an AML-registration basis to a comprehensive FSC licensing regime.retrieved M5bindingenacted not yet effective
T1 · Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan)Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan) — Prior to the Act taking effect, businesses or individuals providing virtual asset services in Taiwan must complete anti-money-laundering registration with the FSC before operating; this remains the current in-force requirement.retrieved M5bindingin force
T1 · Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan)Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan) — Under the Act, VASPs that have already completed AML registration receive a 12-month grace period to apply for a license and up to 21 months in total (extendable once by 3 months) to secure full FSC approval and any other required permits.retrieved M5bindingenacted not yet effective
T4 · The BlockThe Block — The Act's implementation date will be separately determined by the Executive Yuan following presidential promulgation; as of the most recently verifiable status the exact effective date had not been fixed.retrieved M4bindingenacted not yet effective
T4 · CoinDeskCoinDesk — Unauthorized operation of a virtual asset service provider or stablecoin business under the Act can attract prison sentences of up to seven years and fines of up to NT$100 million.retrieved M4bindingenacted not yet effective
Taiwan's token taxonomy remains AML/securities-driven rather than a bespoke classification statute. Security-token-offering (STO) platforms have been required since 2021 to hold a securities dealer license and comply with securities-sector AML/CFT rules, while general virtual assets such as Bitcoin are explicitly excluded from legal-tender/authorized-financial-product status yet remain within AML scope. The newly enacted VASA introduces defined VASP service categories (exchange, trading platform, transfer, custody, underwriting, lending and other) and a distinct stablecoin category, but detailed implementing sub-regulations on token typology have not yet been published.
Standing sub-brief156 words · last cycle 2026-08-21
Token Classification
The Virtual Asset Service Act establishes stablecoins as a distinct third classification track, requiring issuers to secure approval from both the Financial Supervisory Commission and the central bank while barring the payment of yield to holders. This sits alongside the pre-existing classification lines for virtual commodities, under FSC virtual-commodity policy dating to 2013, and security tokens, under the Securities and Exchange Act.
The classification lines themselves are assessed as stable in principle even as the stablecoin sub-regime is not yet operative, since the Act is enacted but not yet effective. Taiwan now has a settled three-track classification structure in place of what had been a more ambiguous structure prior to the Act's passage, though the third track's operative detail awaits commencement.
Outlook
Watch for FSC guidance clarifying the boundary between the virtual-commodity and stablecoin tracks for hybrid instruments, and for whether any issuer seeks classification under the new stablecoin track ahead of formal commencement.
No new data since the standing brief. 1 periodic run re-emitted it unchanged.
Sources and findings (4)
T1 · Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan)Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan) — The FSC has required operators of security-token-offering (STO) transaction platforms to obtain a securities dealer license and to comply with AML/CFT regulations applicable to securities firms.retrieved M4bindingin force
T1 · Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan)Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan) — Virtual assets such as Bitcoin are not treated as legal tender or as financial products authorized for sale by Taiwan's competent authority, but enterprises handling such virtual-currency platforms or transactions are designated within the scope of AML control under the Money Laundering Control Act.retrieved M3bindingin force
T1 · Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan)Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan) — The Virtual Asset Service Act creates a distinct stablecoin category requiring central bank consent and FSC permission for domestic issuance, separate from general VASP service categories.retrieved M5bindingenacted not yet effective
T1 · Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan)Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan) — primary source not yet reachedretrieved M2non-bindingour coverage gap, expected to resolve on a re-run
The Act's seven statutory VASP categories include a lending-service provider (借貸商), giving Taiwan an explicit regulatory hook for DeFi-adjacent lending activity once the Act takes effect. Staking, mining, node operation, validator activity, DEX operation and tokenization are not separately addressed in either the current AML-registration regime or the newly enacted VASA text surfaced in this research pass.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
no periodic updates on record for this sub-brief
Sources and findings (3)
T1 · Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan)Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan) — The Virtual Asset Service Act defines a lending-service provider (借貸商) as one of seven statutory VASP categories subject to licensing once the Act takes effect.retrieved M4bindingenacted not yet effective
T1 · Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan)Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan) — primary source not yet reachedretrieved M2non-bindingour coverage gap, expected to resolve on a re-run
T1 · Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan)Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan) — primary source not yet reachedretrieved M1non-bindingour coverage gap, expected to resolve on a re-run
The Virtual Asset Service Act establishes Taiwan's first dedicated stablecoin regime: domestic issuance requires prior consent from the Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and permission from the FSC, issuers must maintain 100% reserve assets delivered into trust, and are subject to periodic audit and information-disclosure obligations. As of the most recent verifiable status, the currency peg (USD vs. NTD) for Taiwan's first regulated stablecoin remained undecided, and implementing stablecoin-specific sub-regulations were expected to follow enactment within roughly six months.
Standing sub-brief146 words · last cycle 2026-08-21
Stablecoin Regime
Under the Virtual Asset Service Act, stablecoin issuers must maintain full, one-hundred-percent reserves and undergo regular audits, in addition to securing dual approval from the Financial Supervisory Commission and the central bank and complying with the Act's bar on yield payments to holders. The regime is enacted but not yet in force, and the interim treatment of stablecoin issuance remains ambiguous, potentially falling under either the Banking Act or the Act Governing Electronic Payment Institutions depending on structure, pending commencement.
This represents a materially tightening trajectory for Taiwan's stablecoin oversight, moving from an ambiguous interim classification to an explicit, fully-reserved, dual-regulator-approved model, though the practical operability of the regime depends entirely on FSC secondary rules not yet published.
Outlook
Watch for FSC secondary rules specifying reserve-asset eligibility and audit frequency, and for how existing stablecoin-adjacent products are treated during the interim period before commencement.
No new data since the standing brief. 1 periodic run re-emitted it unchanged.
Sources and findings (5)
T1 · Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan)Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan) — Domestic stablecoin issuance in Taiwan requires prior consent from the Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and permission from the FSC.retrieved M5bindingenacted not yet effective
T4 · CoinDeskCoinDesk — Stablecoin issuers must maintain full (100%) reserve assets at all times and deliver those reserves into trust, subject to periodic audit.retrieved M5bindingenacted not yet effective
T1 · Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan)Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan) — Stablecoin issuers are subject to regular audit and information-disclosure obligations under the Act.retrieved M4bindingenacted not yet effective
T4 · CoinDeskCoinDesk — beyond this cycle's recency horizonretrieved M3non-bindingexpected to resolve as the cycle horizon moves
T1 · Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan)Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan) — primary source not yet reachedretrieved M2non-bindingour coverage gap, expected to resolve on a re-run
Consumer-protection obligations currently rest on the FSC's 2023 Guiding Directions and industry self-regulation, requiring segregation of customer assets, transaction transparency, and internal-control assurance; the FSC's 2026 examination priorities specifically flag verification that virtual-asset custodians properly segregate client assets from proprietary assets. The Act reinforces these obligations with statutory civil-liability provisions for VASPs toward customers, though implementing detail (e.g., complaint-handling procedures, suitability standards) is still being developed via sub-regulation and self-regulatory-association rules.
Standing sub-brief146 words · last cycle 2026-08-21
Consumer Protection
The Virtual Asset Service Act mandates that virtual-asset service providers segregate customer assets and comply with internal-control, cybersecurity, audit, and financial-reporting requirements, backed by criminal penalties for market misconduct of three to ten years' imprisonment and fines of NT$10 million to NT$200 million. These protections are enacted but not yet effective, pending the Act's commencement.
This is a strong protective framework by regional standards, combining asset-segregation and governance requirements with meaningful criminal deterrence for market misconduct, though its practical protective effect for consumers is deferred until commencement. In the interim, consumers interacting with Taiwan-facing virtual-asset service providers remain reliant on the protections available under the existing AML-registration-only standard, which does not carry equivalent asset-segregation or governance mandates.
Outlook
Watch for whether the FSC issues interim consumer-protection guidance ahead of full commencement, and for the first enforcement actions once the Act's criminal-penalty provisions become operative.
No new data since the standing brief. 1 periodic run re-emitted it unchanged.
Sources and findings (4)
T1 · Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan)Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan) — Taiwan's 2026 FSC examination focuses explicitly include verifying whether virtual-asset custodians properly segregate client assets from their own proprietary assets.retrieved M4bindingin force
T1 · Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan)Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan) — The FSC's Guiding Directions for VASPs require enhanced transparency of transaction information and disclosure to strengthen customer protection.retrieved M3bindingin force
T1 · Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan)Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan) — The Virtual Asset Service Act imposes statutory requirements on VASPs for customer-asset segregation and establishes civil-liability provisions toward customers.retrieved M4bindingenacted not yet effective
T1 · Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan)Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC Taiwan) — primary source not yet reachedretrieved M2non-bindingour coverage gap, expected to resolve on a re-run
No Taiwan-specific primary-source statute or FSC/Ministry of Finance circular addressing crypto-asset capital gains, income tax, VAT/GST, withholding, or crypto-specific reporting obligations was located in this research pass. Anecdotal secondary reporting indicates that Taiwanese exchanges treat trading-fee revenue as ordinary taxable business income for invoicing purposes (Uniform Invoice Lottery participation), but this does not establish a settled individual capital-gains or income-tax regime for token holders. This module is flagged as a research gap requiring primary-source escalation to Taiwan's Ministry of Finance / National Taxation Bureau.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
no periodic updates on record for this sub-brief
Sources and findings (1)
T4 · CoinDeskCoinDesk — primary source not yet reachedretrieved M3non-bindingour coverage gap, expected to resolve on a re-run
Overseas virtual-asset service providers soliciting business in Taiwan have been required to establish a locally incorporated company or branch under the Company Act and complete AML registration before conducting operations; unregistered offshore platforms may not solicit Taiwanese customers. Separately, Taiwan's strict controls on exporting New Taiwan Dollars offshore are a live design constraint on whether Taiwan's first regulated stablecoin will be NTD- or USD-pegged, creating an indirect cross-border-transfer consideration for stablecoin issuance rather than a settled rule.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
no periodic updates on record for this sub-brief
Sources and findings (3)
T4 · The BlockThe Block — Overseas virtual-asset service providers must establish a company or branch office under Taiwan's Company Act and complete AML registration before conducting operations within Taiwan, and unregistered offshore platforms may not solicit business from Taiwanese nationals.retrieved M4bindingin force
T4 · CoinDeskCoinDesk — Taiwan's strict limits on exporting New Taiwan Dollars offshore are an active policy consideration in deciding whether the island's first regulated stablecoin will be pegged to the U.S. dollar or the Taiwan dollar.retrieved M3non-binding
AML/CFT obligations for Taiwanese VASPs (KYC/CDD, travel rule, SAR/STR reporting, sanctions screening, record-keeping, risk assessment) are governed by the Money Laundering Control Act and FSC implementing measures. Per crypto-baseline module subscription rules, this jurisdiction's AML/CFT substance is carried by the shared FIM `aml_ctf` module rather than being re-asserted here; this module is emitted as a scope placeholder only.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
no periodic updates on record for this sub-brief
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